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◎請求は続くよどこまでも

f:id:seiichiconan:20210226130240j:plain

請求は続くよどこまでも 

 掲図の通り、本来は1965年で完結している筈の「同一の歴史問題」を韓国は今なお繰り返し持ち出している。民間請求権は存在するが、既に賠償金は支払い済みなので、その先の分配については韓国国内の問題となる。(詳しくは条文と交渉の経緯の方を直接どうぞ。)

 

 特記すべきは、1月の韓国地裁判決が「慰謝料」とされていることだ。「戦争終結以前の植民地被害に対する慰謝料」ということであれば、元公娼(自称慰安婦)だけでなく、最大で「当時の国民全員」まで対象を拡大解釈させることが出来るし、韓国はそのつもりでいるだろう。すなわち、これを一円でも認めれば、以後もエンドレスに続く。

 要するに、歴史問題は韓国が日本に「たかり続ける」格好の素材になっている。

 過去において韓国はパラサイト国家だったし、これからもそうなる。

 今が「韓国と手を切る」最大のチャンスなのだから、この機を逃してはならない。

 

 まずは日本側から謝罪と賠償を請求することからだろう。

 文大統領は一月に「2015年の日韓合意は両国政府間の公式合意」であると表明した。

 そうなると、2015年以降今まで、合意が有効であったということになる。

 すなわち、

 「世界各地で少女像が建てられていることに対して、韓国政府は何も手を打っていない」(総て韓国人、韓国系が行っている。)

 「国連を含め国際的な会議の場で、日本を非難し続けて来た」

 と言う点で韓国政府は重大な合意違反を犯している。

 日本はそのことについて謝罪と賠償を請求すべきだ。

 

 日本には「規律と約束」に対する絶対的な信仰がある。韓国人はそれとは真逆の価値観・哲学に立っているのだから、相容れるわけがない。お互いが幸福に暮らすためには、仕切りを高くし、行き来せず付き合わぬようにすることが最善だと思う。

 過去の歴史問題を不可逆的に解決するための最後の方策は「断交する」のがベストだ。罵り合って暮らすより、離れて眼を向けぬようにすれば、諍いも無くなる。

 

 さて、これまでの経緯概略はこちら。

Ⅰ「日韓基本条約・請求権協定(1965)」

 日韓両国は,1965年の国交正常化の際に締結された日韓基本条約及びその関連協定の基礎の上に,緊密な友好協力関係を築いた。その中核である日韓請求権協定は,日本から韓国に対して,無償3億ドル,有償2億ドルの経済協力を約束する(第1条)とともに,両締約国及びその国民(法人を含む。)の財産,権利及び利益並びに両締約国及びその国民の間の請求権に関する問題は「完全かつ最終的に解決」されており,いかなる主張もすることはできない(第2条)ことを定めた。

 

Ⅱ「女性のための平和協力基金19952002)」 ※略称「アジア女性基金

 アジア女性基金は、募金を原資とし、平成8年(1996年)7月、韓国、フィリピン、そして台湾における元慰安婦の方々に対して、一人当たり200万円の「償い金」を渡し,また政府拠出金を原資とする医療・福祉支援事業300万円(韓国・台湾),120万円(フィリピン)を実施(一人当たり計500万円(韓国・台湾),320万円(フィリピン))した。

Ⅲ「慰安婦問題日韓合意」(2015

1 岸田外務大臣

 日韓間の慰安婦問題については、これまで、両国局長協議等において、集中的に協議を行ってきた。その結果に基づき、日本政府として、以下を申し述べる。

(1)慰安婦問題は、当時の軍の関与の下に、多数の女性の名誉と尊厳を深く傷つけた問題であり、かかる観点から、日本政府は責任を痛感している。安倍内閣総理大臣は、日本国の内閣総理大臣として改めて、慰安婦として数多の苦痛を経験され、心身にわたり癒しがたい傷を負われた全ての方々に対し、心からおわびと反省の気持ちを表明する。

(2)日本政府は、これまでも本問題に真摯に取り組んできたところ、その経験に立って、今般、日本政府の予算により、全ての元慰安婦の方々の心の傷を癒やす措置を講じる。具体的には、韓国政府が、元慰安婦の方々の支援を目的とした財団を設立し、これに日本政府の予算で資金を一括で拠出し、日韓両政府が協力し、全ての元慰安婦の方々の名誉と尊厳の回復、心の傷の癒やしのための事業を行うこととする。

(3)日本政府は上記を表明するとともに、上記(2)の措置を着実に実施するとの前提で、今回の発表により、この問題が最終的かつ不可逆的に解決されることを確認する。あわせて、日本政府は、韓国政府と共に、今後、国連等国際社会において、本問題について互いに非難・批判することは控える。

 なお(2)の予算措置については、規模はおおむね10億円程度となった。以上については日韓両首脳の指示に基づいて行ってきた協議の結果であり、これをもって日韓関係が新時代に入ることを確信している。

2 尹(ユン)外交部長官

 韓日間の日本軍慰安婦被害者問題については、これまで、両国局長協議等において、集中的に協議を行ってきた。その結果に基づき、韓国政府として、以下を申し述べる。

(1)韓国政府は、日本政府の表明と今回の発表に至るまでの取組を評価し、日本政府が上記 1.(2)で表明した措置が着実に実施されるとの前提で、今回の発表により、日本政府と共に、この問題が最終的かつ不可逆的に解決されることを確認する。韓国政府は、日本政府の実施する措置に協力する。

(2)韓国政府は、日本政府が在韓国日本大使館前の少女像に対し、公館の安寧・威厳の維持の観点から懸念していることを認知し、韓国政府としても、可能な対応方向について関連団体との協議を行う等を通じて、適切に解決されるよう努力する。

(3)韓国政府は、今般日本政府の表明した措置が着実に実施されるとの前提で、日本政府と共に、今後、国連等国際社会において、本問題について互いに非難・批判することは控える。

 国交正常化50年の今年中に岸田外相とこれまでの交渉に終止符を打ち、この場で交渉妥結を宣言できることをうれしく思う。今回の合意のフォローアップ措置が着実な形で履行され、辛酸をなめさせられた元慰安婦の方々の名誉と尊厳が回復され、心の傷がいやされることを心より祈念する。 また両国の最もつらく厳しい懸案であった元慰安婦被害者問題の交渉が妥結したことを機に、来年からは新しい気持ちで、新しい日韓関係を切り開いていけることを期待する。

 

 外務省の公式ホームページから英文を引用する。

Measures Taken by the Government of Japan on the Issue of "comfort women"

January 14, 2021

 The Government of Japan launched a thorough fact-finding study on the issue of comfort women in December 1991 and announced its results in July 1992 and in August 1993. Public documents found as a result of such study are now open to the public at the Cabinet Secretariat. On the occasion of the announcement of the findings in 1993, the then Chief Cabinet Secretary Yohei Kono released a statement and expressed in it sincere apologies and remorse, recognizing this issue was, with the involvement of the military authorities of the day, severely injured the honor and dignity of a large number of women. The Government of Japan has since expressed its sincere apologies and remorse to the former comfort women on many occasions.

 

 Recognizing that the comfort women issue was a grave affront to the honor and dignity of a large number of women, the Government of Japan, together with the people of Japan, seriously discussed what could be done to express their sincere apologies and remorse to the former comfort women. As a result, the Asian Women's Fund (AWF) was established on July 19, 1995 in order to extend atonement from the Japanese people to the former comfort women. Having decided to provide necessary assistance to the AWF through a Cabinet decision in August 1995, the Government of Japan, with a view to fulfilling its moral responsibility, provided all possible assistance for the AWF, including bearing all of its operational costs, assisting its fund-raising and providing necessary funds to implement its activities (approximately 4.8 billion yen from the AWF's founding through fiscal year of 2005), in order for the AWF to attain its goals. The AWF disbanded in March 2007 with the termination of the project in Indonesia.  

  Cooperation for the Asian Women's Fund

The Government of Japan cooperated with the AWF in implementing its activities.

Atonement projects were conducted in the Philippines, the Republic of Korea and Taiwan and concluded by the end of September 2002. Some of the former comfort women who received the atonement money expressed their gratitude in various ways.

 

In addition, the AWF implemented activities tailored to domestic conditions in the Netherlands and Indonesia as well. Activities in the Netherlands and in Indonesia were completed successfully on 14 July 2001, and in March 2007 respectively.

  • Asian Women's Fund Website (Link)

[Note]

The Asian Women‘s Fund (AWF) was dissolved in the end of March 2007. Its web page “Digital Museum Comfort Women Issues and the Asian Women’s Fund” is stored in the web archives of the National Diet Library.      

(1) The Philippines, the Republic of Korea and Taiwan

The AWF made it its principle to respect the wish of each of the aged former comfort women in the Philippines, the Republic of Korea and Taiwan where the identification processes of comfort women were implemented by their Governments or relevant organizations. Based upon this principle, the AWF, making use of the money donated by the Japanese people as its resource, provided the former comfort women with the atonement money as a symbol of the feeling of atonement by the Japanese people. Making use of the fund disbursed by the Government of Japan, the AWF also implemented medical and welfare support projects aimed at improving their medical and welfare conditions. When the atonement money was provided, successive Prime Ministers, on behalf of the Government, sent a letter expressing apologies and remorse directly to each former comfort woman. In the end 285 former comfort women accepted the letter and atonement money (The Philippines: 211, ROK: 61, Taiwan: 13).  

 

  Letter from the Prime Minister of Japan

The Government of Japan has expressed its sincere apologies and remorse regarding the comfort women issue on various occasions.

 

 When the atonement money was provided and medical and welfare support project were conducted, the Prime Minister, on behalf of the Government, sent a letter expressing apologies and remorse directly to each former comfort woman.

 Atonement from the Japanese People

 The Government of Japan made great efforts to raise public awareness and gain a better understanding of the comfort women issue. The Government provided all possible assistance to the AWF for its fund raising from the public to express atonement to the former comfort women.        

 

 As a result, a wide range of individuals, companies, labor unions, political parties, Diet members and Cabinet Ministers demonstrated their support for the cause of the AWF. The total amount of donations to the AWF was approximately 600 million yen.

 

 In July 1996, the AWF decided that the Fund would provide 2 million yen to each former comfort woman in the Republic of Korea, the Philippines and Taiwan from those donations. It also decided that 3 million yen (in the ROK and Taiwan) and 1.2 million yen(in the Philippines) be provided to those women as part of its medical and welfare projects, whose source was government contributions. As a result, each former comfort woman received 5 million yen in the ROK and Taiwan and 3.2 million yen in the Philippines. 

 

 Together with the atonement money and the letter from the Prime Minister of Japan, a letter from the President of the AWF, explaining the purpose of the activities of AWF, and messages from the contributors were also conveyed to each former comfort woman.

 Medical and Welfare Support Projects funded by Governmental Resources

 In order to fulfill its moral responsibility, the Government of Japan decided to disburse about 700 million yen (final disbursement: 510 million yen) from the national budget for the medical and welfare projects of the AWF to assist the former comfort women in the Republic of Korea, the Philippines, and Taiwan over a 5-year period.

 

 The projects included activities such as (i) the improvement of housing, (ii) nursing services and (iii) assistance in the provision of medical services and medicines. They were carried out with the cooperation of the respective governments, authorities and other relevant organizations, taking fully into account the actual circumstances of each of the former comfort women.  

(2) Indonesia

 The Government of Japan and the AWF explored the most appropriate project to be implemented in Indonesia in order to express atonement from the Japanese people. As a result, the AWF decided to support a project proposed by the Government of Indonesia called the "Promotion of Social Welfare Services for Elderly People in Indonesia" through a fund disbursed by the Government of Japan. This decision was made partly because the Government of Indonesia found it difficult to identify former comfort women. In March 1997, the AWF concluded the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Government of Indonesia to provide financial support (380million yen over 10 years; final disbursement: 367 million yen) to the project. In this project, new facilities were built for the elderly who had no family or relatives to look after them and were unable to work due to illness or physical handicaps. These facilities were annexed to the public homes for elderly run by the Department of Social Affairs.    

 

 The priority entrance into these facilities was given to those who proclaim themselves as former comfort women. The facilities were established mainly in the regions where former comfort women were thought to live. In total, 69 social welfare facilities for elderly people were established. One of the facilities established in FY 2006 accommodated 14 former comfort women.

(3) The Netherlands

 In order to convey atonement from the Japanese people, the Government of Japan and the AWF, in consultation with the Dutch people concerned, explored what appropriate project could be implemented in the Netherlands, where no authorities could identify former comfort women. As a result, on July 16, 1998, the AWF concluded a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Project Implementation Committee in the Netherlands (PICN) on a project aimed at helping to enhance the living conditions of those who suffered incurable physical and psychological wounds during World War II.

 In accordance with the MOU, the AWF, making use of a fund disbursed by the Government of Japan, decided to provide the PICN with financial support totaling up to 255 million yen (final disbursement: 245 million yen) over 3 years and the PICN implemented the project for 79 recipients. This project was successfully completed on July 14, 2001.

 (4) Programs Underscoring the Lessons of History

Recognizing the importance of passing on the facts related to this issue to future generations as a lesson of history in order to ensure that such an issue may never be repeated, the AWF, in cooperation with the Government of Japan, actively compiled documents and materials relating to the comfort women issue.

 

Efforts to Address Contemporary Issues Concerning the Honor and Dignity of Women

The Government of Japan considers that it is its responsibility to address contemporary issues related to women, such as violence against women. The Government of Japan provided financial contributions to the AWF for its activities for such purposes. 

 

In this context, the AWF actively implemented the following activities that would enhance understanding of contemporary women issues by the international community.


(1) Hosting international meetings on those issues

(2) Providing public relations support to other NGOs engaged in various contemporary issues on women through financial assistance 

(3)Initiating research and fact-finding projects on contemporary women's human rights problems, such as violence against women; their causes, and necessary counter-measures and policies

(4) Launching projects to give counsel to those women who suffered from problems such as violence against women as well as to research and develop new counseling and mental care techniques to help improve the skills of counseling and health care professionals

  

Announcement by Foreign Ministers of Japan and the Republic of Korea at the Joint Press Occasion  (December 28, 2015

 1. Foreign Minister Kishida

The Government of Japan and the Government of the Republic of Korea (ROK) have intensively discussed the issue of comfort women between Japan and the ROK at bilateral meetings including the Director-General consultations. Based on the result of such discussions, I, on behalf of the Government of Japan, state the following:

(1) The issue of comfort women, with an involvement of the Japanese military authorities at that time, was a grave affront to the honor and dignity of large numbers of women, and the Government of Japan is painfully aware of responsibilities from this perspective. As Prime Minister of Japan, Prime Minister Abe expresses anew his most sincere apologies and remorse to all the women who underwent immeasurable and painful experiences and suffered incurable physical and psychological wounds as comfort women.

(2) The Government of Japan has been sincerely dealing with this issue. Building on such experience, the Government of Japan will now take measures to heal psychological wounds of all former comfort women through its budget. To be more specific, it has been decided that the Government of the ROK establish a foundation for the purpose of providing support for the former comfort women, that its funds be contributed by the Government of Japan as a one-time contribution through its budget, and that projects for recovering the honor and dignity and healing the psychological wounds of all former comfort women be carried out under the cooperation between the Government of Japan and the Government of the ROK.

(3) While stating the above, the Government of Japan confirms that this issue is resolved finally and irreversibly with this announcement, on the premise that the Government will steadily implement the measures specified in (2) above. In addition, together with the Government of the ROK, the Government of Japan will refrain from accusing or criticizing each other regarding this issue in the international community, including at the United Nations.

2. Foreign Minister Yun

The Government of the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the Government of Japan have intensively discussed the issue of comfort women between the ROK and Japan at bilateral meetings including the Director-General consultations. Based on the result of such discussions, I, on behalf of the Government of the ROK, state the following:

(1) The Government of the ROK values the GOJ’s announcement and efforts made by the Government of Japan in the lead-up to the issuance of the announcement and confirms, together with the GOJ, that the issue is resolved finally and irreversibly with this announcement, on the premise that the Government of Japan will steadily implement the measures specified in 1. (2) above. The Government of the ROK will cooperate in the implementation of the Government of Japan’s measures.

(2) The Government of the ROK acknowledges the fact that the Government of Japan is concerned about the statue built in front of the Embassy of Japan in Seoul from the viewpoint of preventing any disturbance of the peace of the mission or impairment of its dignity, and will strive to solve this issue in an appropriate manner through taking measures such as consulting with related organizations about possible ways of addressing this issue.

(3) The Government of the ROK, together with the Government of Japan, will refrain from accusing or criticizing each other regarding this issue in the international community, including at the United Nations, on the premise that the Government of Japan will steadily implement the measures it announced.